|
Understanding Personalities -
the Traits and Characteristics
The Type A and Type B personality theory
describes two common patterns of behavior, contrasting personality
types — the high-strung Type A and the easy-going Type B are the most
well known types. This system of classification also divides
people further into Type C and D.
This theory has been controversial in the scientific
and medical communities
since its publication, the theory has nonetheless persisted, in
the form of popular psychology circles who generally lack academic
credentials, yet serve as everyday sources of
oversimplified
information about human behavior and personality.
Type A Personality
Traits
Type A people are individuals who are workaholic,
highly stressed,
extremely ambitious, and particularly rigid in their attitudes.
The following are the characteristics of the type A
personality:
- Type A’s have got a severe sense of time urgency. They are
always
running and can hardly relax. If they sat without doing something
useful they may end up feeling guilty.
- Type A’s are over achievers, they usually get themselves
involved
in many different unrelated activities and perform well in them all.
- Type A's biggest problem is stress,
they are usually overwhelmed by the amount of tasks they have to do.
These tasks are usually a huge list that they planned for themselves.
The Type A person is usually competitive and has a high challenging
spirit.
- A Type A personality is prone to angry outbursts. The
cause of this hostility towards people is usually due to their not meet
the high expectations of the type A personality. Anger manage- ment is
an
important element in modifying this form of aggression and develop self
control.
- Winning is all important to the Type A personality. They
will compete in all effects, no matter who it
is against and what is the prize. Recognition and advancement is very
important and they will
push themselves to their limits to try and achieve as much as possible,
as quickly as possible. However, they may feel unfulfilled as
they constantly want to achieve more and more and sometimes their goals
may not be realistic. Although they may appear confident, the Type A
frequently suffers from self doubt. There is no permanent cure;
however, improving self-confidence and self control are tasks that
should be worked on everyday.
- A Type A are adept at
multitasking, but tend to be very impatient and are irritated by delays
and
people they consider incompetent. Everything is a rush to
the Type A so they will demand people to hurry up. Type A's are unable
to relax and take time out to sit quietly doing nothing. Take time
to reflect and slow down your pace.
Type A personalities need to learn to:
- Resolve conflict effectively.
- Acquire stress management skills.
- Listen to others. Learn to value suggestions from
others.
- Redefine the definition of success.
- Consider making lifestyle changes (e.g. work, exercise,
diet).
- Set realistic goals to help gain a sense of
achievement.
Type A Personality Test
Abstract
This
test is intended to assess behavioral
characteristics of the Type A Personality. The results reveal any
tendency towards being a continuously
stressed-out Type A, or the more laid back Type B Personality.
The test examines
the response to specific statements and indicate which option best
describes or
applies to you. After finishing the Type A Personality test, you will
receive a brief personalized interpretation of your score that includes
a graph and information on the test topic from Discovery Fit and Health
by Test Yourself Psychtests.
Type B personality traits
Type B individuals are calm and have an easy-going
attitude. They are
fun loving and are relatively less competitive. They are also better at
relaxing without feeling guilty and they work without getting anxious
or agitated. Type B's are the opposite of type A's. They are laid back
and not easily stressed. While type B can be achievers too, still they
won't be as competitive as Type A's. Type B's can delay work and do it
in
the last moment, some of them can turn into procrastinators which is
something that a type A can never do.
The Type B personality is almost the direct opposite of
Type A. The
following are the characteristics of the type B
personality:
- Stress Handling The Type B people usually
do not get stressed easily even under
acute circumstances. They are the happy-go-lucky individuals who do not
entertain stress and anxiety while doing their tasks. However, they
still prove to be fairly productive. They remain carefree and cheerful
most of the times and are fun to hang around with.
- Lack Of Urgency They do not mind waiting
in queues for getting their work
done and do not get hyper if it takes too much time. They do not feel
any sort of compulsion to meet deadlines. They have no problem
relaxing or sitting without doing anything unlike Type A individuals,
who end up feeling guilty if they sat without doing anything
constructive. At times, Type B individuals may delay their work to the
last moment due to lack of sense of time urgency.
- Relaxed These are the people who remain
calm and relaxed most of the
times. They believe in taking their time to stop and smell the roses
instead of running the mad rat race. They take time to think and ponder
before acting. Relaxation, enjoyment and fun come very naturally to
them.
- Procrastination
Type Bs
may delay the work they have to the last moment
and they usually don't get stressed that easily.
- Nonassertive
These individuals rarely tend to be aggressive or frustrated. Even
if there's something against their will, they are not prone to lose
their temper. They are more likely to handle the situation very subtly
and patiently, without getting irked.
- Socializing And Enjoying Type B
personalities are normally laid back people who hold a
relaxed, creative, imaginative, artistic and friendly approach towards
life. They spend their free time in leisure activities like
socializing, shopping or having a good time. Due to their cheerful
nature, these folks are surrounded by friends and lead a good social
life.
Self help tips to change a type B personality:
- Less Competitive Type B personalities
are less competitive. They
generally take their failures with a grain of salt and slough it off as
merely an unpleasant experience. On the other hand, Type A individuals
who are generally over-achievers, find it very hard to accept failures
and end up developing low self-esteem.
- Patience is a
virtue and Type Bs are born with it. They remain
calm and patient even under stressful situations and have a lot of
self-control. They are less likely to get frantic about things and
generally swear by the old adage of ‘Slow and steady wins the race’.
They are also very tolerant and flexible and can change in order to
adapt to changes. You would hardly find them complaining or lamenting
about anything.
- Emotional Bonding Their heart rules
their head and hence they are very emotional and
sensitive. They like expressing their feelings and are generally not
indifferent towards others.
The Jenkins
Activity Survey was originally formulated to detect behaviors which
lead to heart attacks (Jenkins, Ayzanski, Rosenman, 1971). Type A
personality generally refers to hard workers who are often preoccupied
with schedules and the speed of their performance. Type B personalities
may be more creative, imaginative, and philosophical.
Take the Personality type
A/B Test. The test consists of 30 multiple-choice
items. Scores range from 35 to 380. Type A is associated
with a high score while Type B is associated with a low score. The
questionnaire is a modified version of the Jenkins Activity Survey
(Jenkins, Zyzanski, & Rosenman, 1971). that has been adapted
for use with college students. - source University of North
Carolina at Charlotte Department
of Psychology.
Type
C personality traits
Type
C personality traits Written by M. Farouk
Radwan, MSc. Type C personalities
are not assertive by nature,
They often suppress their desires and wishes instead of standing up for
them. The lack of Assertiveness can result in tremendous stress and
even depression over the longer term more than in other personality
types.
The following are the characteristics of the
type C
personality:
- A trait of Type C personalities is their love for
detail. They can spend a considerable amount of time trying to
understand how things work. A Type C takes life seriously and are
usually hard workers to the extent that they sometimes become
perfectionists who want everything to be perfectly done.
- They may find it harder to work and play with others and
are introverts in most cases. As a result of the lack of assertiveness
and the desire to work alone they might prefer being on their own
rather than being with other people.
- Type C personalities also have some other positive
personality traits like being dependable, having good analysis skills
and brilliant minds.
To get rid of the unwanted traits, it is
necessary to able to take the full advantage of the type C personality.
Self help tips to change a Type C personality:
Work on improving your coping skills by
understanding your early experiences. It is possible to change the
things you don't like about your type C personality while keeping the
things that you like.
The lack of assertiveness is a problem that
you must learn how to solve.
Type
D personality traits
A Type
D personality is distressed,
Type D's have a negative
outlook towards
life and are pessimistic. A small event that is not even noticed by
type B can ruin type D's day. Type D personalities are more subject to
depression than other personality types.
The following are the characteristic of the type D
personality:
- A Type D person might become socially withdrawn as a
result
of fear of rejection even if they like to be around people. Type D's
are famous for suppressing their emotions and that makes them the most
vulnerable type to depression.
- Type D personalities usually have a low self esteem and an
exaggerated fear of disapproval and this is the primary reason that
prevents them from opening up to others.
- Do not assume that type D personalities lack social
interest; however they frequently might be interested in people,
but are afraid to approach them because they fear rejection.
- Negative emotions such as worry,
stress, depression, and anger frequently affect type D personalities. A
small event that is usually overlooked by others can bother a type D a
lot and even ruin his mood.
Self help tips to change a Type D personality:
- Learn how to control your emotions: Almost everyone
can control his/her emotions even a Type D.
- Control your thoughts: Learning how to
control your thoughts can preventing negative thoughts from being
triggered or attempting to control
emotions. Read this guide to know how to control
your thoughts.
- Get over fear of rejection: The fear of rejection is
caused by low self esteem. The fear of rejection results from the
belief that others hold he/she to be less worthy than they are. If you
are a Type D personality then improving your self esteem is the
essential step you must take to heal yourself.
- Learn to open up: After dealing with the fear of
rejection, a person needs to work on opening up to others.
Our Behavior and Actions
Autocratic domination, bullying,
insensitivity, over control,
intimidation, bullying, or self-serving practices masquerade as a
form of management, but in reality are actually forms of harassment by
individual who
are in a position of power and authority.
There is one
basic principle that applies to our behavior and actions: Some people
do
things for their own reasons that usually do not involve making any
effort to win our approval. Other people see things differently which
causes them to respond/react to situations in a way that they think is
necessary to achieve the best reward for
their efforts.
People who are not motivated will generate a
halfhearted effort
that at best produces
marginal results and in worst cases creates frustration, resentment,
rebellious behavior, and power struggles. A good manager is sensitive
to and works hard to significantly reduce the amount of friction,
tension, dissent, stress, and upset of people on his team. The reward
for preventing potential misunderstandings, miscommunication, and
conflict is the development of a sense of pride in the work they
perform.
Our Personality Affects our
Behavior
There are differences between
physical and behavioral traits and characteristics -
| Traits |
Characteristics |
Hair Color |
Brown,
Black, Red, or Blond |
| Curly, Kinky, or Straight |
The are two basic aspects of our
behavioral traits and characteristics:
- Inherited behavior (traits)
- Learned behavior (characteristics)
When we combine them, they form what is
commonly referred to as a
type of personality with a significant difference between the two
aspects:
- Traits
can't be changed because they are neurological
hardwired and thus fixed,
- Characteristics can be changed as they are acquired
through external influences and experiences.
Behavioral Traits
Traits are responsible for how our brain
develops and
functions in gathering data, processing information,
and making decisions. Traits can help to determine the choices we make
and how act on our decisions.
People interact and communicate
with us based on our behavior
towards them and our patterns of behavior in general defines how they
will deal
with us. Traits influence how we learn and what if any value we place
on utilize our intuition.
Our traits can define our perception
of what constitutes trouble. Consequently, they influence our problem
solving preferences and the solutions we create.
In addition, behavior traits are
responsible for:
- Our core value system, the principles, and basic beliefs
that form
our code of conduct that in turn is responsible for our behavior.
- Developing and expressing natural talents.
- Filters our internal and external perceptions of our
surroundings.
- Our emotional reactions and rational responses to
experiences and situations,
- What motivates and irritates us.
- Our choice of the people we are attracted to others which
we avoid.
Behavioral Characteristics
Behavior characteristics refers to
behavior
we acquire through our perceptions of opinions,
criticisms, and social expectations held by other people. This becomes
the basic
foundation of our
learned habits, attitudes, and comfort zones
that impact the totality of our life.
Motivation is the principle
force behind the development of
the characteristics that make our behavior acceptable and allows us to
become part of a
social structure. These behaviors are sometimes based on false
perceptions of ourselves, our potential, and what we are capable of
achieving.
After repeated exposure to
untrue comments, about your
abilities and potential, will cause you to accept this misinformation
as being truthful. Over time this creates
limitations and programs us to become insecure about our capabilities.
The result is that you are likely to will avoid in engaging in any
activities that might expose these insecurities.
Behavioral Patterns
Behavioral patterns are developed as a result of
our
characteristics. Mental barriers and insecurities become stronger with
the passage of time so it becomes more difficult to reverse or overcome
them. As a result we may be unable to partially or fully develop our
natural talents and strengths. Our characteristics are responsible for:
- Overriding our decision making preferences and replacing
them with preferences of other people reasons rather than our own.
- Accepting the status quo and not changing limiting and
unhealthy situations, relationships, jobs, and
lifestyles because we feel it is
expected of us.
- Suppressing our individuality and uniqueness.
- Our following the path of least resistance rather that
facing up to tough choices.
- Creating and fueling our fears and insecurities.
- Behaving in certain ways society considered acceptable for
our gender.
- Spending time accepting responsibilities for performing
tasks that do not match our personality traits.
As you seek to understand more about
personality, there are important factors to keep in mind:
- People have a strong desire to fit in. Like a chameleon, an
individual
will take on behavior that provides the illusion that is perceived to
be the acceptable behavior norm despite not confirming with their
personality boundaries.
- We tend to judge people based on our first impressions.
However,
that can be very misleading and may not reflect the true nature of
their personalities.
- There is a natural tendency to compare other people�s
behavior to
our own in an effort to determine if their personality is compatible
with ours.
An individual's observable behavior does
not provide a full image of our
personality qualities. Many are hidden below the surface we project to
individuals outside of the family or peer group. To completely
appreciate
a person, it is necessary to have the opportunity to spend enough time
with new acquaintances to discover their natural talents. It is
important to remember that an initial misreading can result in your
making a negative
impression. At some future occasion, you might discover that they will
be responsible for
making important decisions about you - hiring, admission to school,
judging you at a sporting event, welcoming you into a family unit, etc.
It is the differences in people
that provide the strength to
compensate for their weaknesses. It is the variations in people that
offers a truly great
opportunity to assemble a dynamic
team of self-motivated people whose collaborative efforts are much
better than one individual could achieve.
Recommended Reading:
Understanding
Personalities Can Lead to Better Performance Personality types can help
us understand why people make
decisions - and sometimes clash.
The Ultimate
guide to Getting over depression, mood swings & bad moods
Links that deal with everyday
generic problems that confront athletes and non-athletes.
Traits
of Human Consciousness Endowments of human character, or simply
character or personality traits. They are grouped within the categories
of an individual's (1) attitudes, (2) miscellaneous attributes, (3)
social endowments, and (4) skills. Each trait is shown in two ways; how
it manifests in a positive way in a person, and how it manifests
negatively in a person.
The
Big Five Personality Traits in Psychology Jan. 16, 2007 ... Your Big
Five Personality Traits affect your health, relationships, goals,
... understand your frustrations.
Emotional
Competency - Personality Traits
Personality traits are intrinsic differences that once
were thought to remain the same since childhood. Now, experts believe
the Big Five Personality Traits change over time.
A
List of Personality Traits to Help Parents Understand ... As parents we often observe
certain personality traits,
but without guidance it may be difficult to articulate these traits, or
even identify them specifically.
Discover
Yourself Personality
Inventory. This assessment will help you
better understand your personality traits and their strength.
References:
Resources:
The following internet
links have been
gleaned from personal communications
combined
with
information from
public institutions and athletic
organizations/
associations
that
have a web presence with information concerning team
and
individual
sports
programs:
All
materials are copy protected.
The limited use of the
materials for education purposes is allowed providing
credit is given
for the source of the materials.
|